000			02570nam a22001817a 4500
008			210827b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9781681176826 _qHardbound
082			_a624.193 SIN
100			_aSingh, Neeraj
245			_aLong & Deep Tunnels : _bIntegrated Design & Construction Approach _cedited by Neeraj Singh
250			_a1st
260			_aNewYork _bScitus Academics LLC _c2018
300			_aviii, 316p. _b: ill. _c;22cm.;hbk.
504			_aBib and Ref
520			_aA tunnel is an underground or underwater hallway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel is relatively long and narrow; the length is often much greater than twice the diameter, although similar shorter excavations can be constructed, such as cross passages between tunnels. Anyone who sets out to construct underground works, finds himself having to tackle and solve a particularly complex civil engineering problem because, compared to surface constructions, it is extremely difficult to determine the basic design data of underground works in advance. It is not a question, as with surface construction, of gradually assembling materials with well known strength and deformation properties to build a structure which finds its future equilibrium in the desired final configuration, but of acting on a pre-existing equilibrium and proceeding in some way to a planned disturbance of it in conditions that are known only approximately. Another characteristic of underground works, well known to design and construction engineers, but not always given sufficient weight, is that very often the stage at which the structure is subject to most stress is not the final stage when the tunnel is finished and subject to external loads predicted at the design. The design and construction of long and deep tunnels, such as tunnels under mountains, signify a considerable challenge. This book is not intended to teach how to design and construct such tunnels but to disclose the methods to identify the possible hazards associated to the process of designing and constructing long and deep tunnels. The book is envisioned to practicing engineers, research practitioners, designers, advisers and students in mining, underground, tunneling, along with to foundation and geological engineers, urban planner and architects.
650			_aTunnels
942			_cENGLISH
999			_c494823 _d494823