Psychological and ecological research has eroded the foundation of mainstream economics, and a new approach is needed rather than an adaptation of existing theory. The most promising new approach is doughnut economics (DE), version 2.0 of the discipline of economics for the 21st century that presents economics as an embedded discipline between the social foundation and the ecosystem with a focus on the disciplinary boundaries. The study of neuroeconomics, such as doughnut economics, still holds a gap between ""laboratory"" findings on homo neuroeconomics and the issues in contemporary behavioral economics. To understand a positivist application of doughnut economics within the new economic frameworks of the 21st century, further research must be discussed.

Applied Doughnut Economics and Neuroeconomic Psychology for Business and Politics follows the economic history from the Stone Age to that of the modern creative man and then provides a specific focus on doughnut economics and 21st century neuroeconomics.